Punjabi literature, specifically literary works written in the Punjabi language, is characteristic of the historical Punjab of India and Pakistan and the Punjabi diaspora. The Punjabi language is written in several scripts, of which the Shahmukhi and Gurmukhī scripts are the most commonly used in Pakistan and India, respectively. Punjab, a region divided between India and Pakistan, has a rich literary tradition with numerous renowned writers and poets who have contributed significantly to Punjabi literature.

The earliest writings in Punjabi belong to Nath Yogi era from 9th to 14th century. They referred to God with various names such as "Alakh Nirajan" which are still prevalent in Punjabi vernacular.

Here are some of the prominent Punjabi writers and poets whose works have left a lasting impact:

Guru Nanak Dev Ji (1469-1539): The Janamsakhis, stories on the life and legend of Guru Nanak are early examples of Punjabi prose literature. Guru Nanak himself composed Punjabi verse incorporating vocabulary from Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian, and other South Asian languages as characteristic of the Gurbani tradition.

Waris Shah (1706-1798): Waris Shah is considered one of the greatest Punjabi poets, best known for his epic poem "Heer Ranjha." This tragic love story has become an integral part of Punjabi folklore and has been adapted into various art forms.

Amrita Pritam (1919-2005): Amrita Pritam is a celebrated Punjabi writer and poet. She is known for her powerful and evocative poetry, short stories, and novels that explore themes of love, loss, and social issues. Some of her notable works include "Pinjar," "Rasidi Ticket," and "Ajj Aakhaan Waris Shah Nu."

Shiv Kumar Batalvi (1936-1973): Shiv Kumar Batalvi was a prominent poet and writer known for his romantic and tragic poetry. His works often revolve around themes of love, separation, and anguish. His collection of poems titled "Luna" is considered a masterpiece of Punjabi literature.

Baba Bulleh Shah (1680-1757): Baba Bulleh Shah was a Sufi poet who composed spiritual and mystical poetry in Punjabi. His verses emphasize the importance of love, tolerance, and spiritual awakening. His poetry continues to inspire and resonate with people across generations.

Surjit Patar (born 1944): Surjit Patar is a contemporary Punjabi poet, writer, and scholar. He has published several collections of poetry and is known for his thoughtful and socially conscious verses. Patar's works often reflect on the socio-political landscape of Punjab.

Paash (1950-1988): Paash, born as Avtar Singh Sandhu, was a revolutionary poet and writer. His poetry reflects his Marxist and progressive beliefs, addressing social issues, inequality, and political dissent. His poems are known for their boldness and rebellious spirit.

Najm Hosain Syed (born 1936): Najm Hosain Syed is a renowned Punjabi poet, playwright, and translator. His poetry combines modernist influences with traditional Punjabi forms. Syed has made significant contributions to Punjabi literature and has received numerous awards for his work.

These are just a few of the many influential Punjabi writers and poets. The Punjabi literary tradition encompasses a wide range of voices, styles, and themes, reflecting the cultural richness and diversity of the region. Exploring the works of these writers will provide a deeper understanding of Punjabi literature and its significant contributions to the literary world.