Organic farming refers to a method of agriculture that relies on natural processes and avoids the use of synthetic pesticides, fertilizers, and genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It focuses on maintaining soil health, conserving resources, and promoting biodiversity.

Examples :

• Crop rotation (avoid mono-cropping that gradually results in soil degradation),
• Use of green manure
• Use of manure and vegetable residues (compost),
• The recycling of organic materials
• Use of alternative plant protection (natural enemies) and nutrition products
• Use of local animal varieties and local animal breeds adapted to the particular conditions of the area

Organic food, on the other hand, refers to food products that are produced using organic farming practices. Organic food is produced according to certain production standards. These standards may vary worldwide.These foods are grown without the use of synthetic chemicals, antibiotics, hormones, or genetically modified ingredients.

Any food offered for sale as ‘organic food’ in India needs to comply with the provisions laid down under the National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) administered by the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA).

Organic farming and organic food have gained popularity due to several potential benefits. They are believed to reduce exposure to synthetic chemicals in the environment and in food, promote sustainable agricultural practices, and support biodiversity conservation. Some studies suggest that organic food may have higher nutritional value, although the evidence is mixed.

It's important to note that while organic farming and organic food have advantages, they also face challenges. Organic farming typically requires more land and labor compared to conventional methods, which can result in higher prices for organic products. Additionally, organic farming may have lower yields in certain situations, making it potentially less efficient for feeding a growing global population.

Overall, organic farming and organic food are part of a broader movement toward sustainable and environmentally-friendly agricultural practices, but their adoption and impact depend on various factors including consumer demand, farming techniques, and government regulations.